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ObjectiveTo study the effects of different plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria （PGPR） on the growth of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis seedlings and the quality of its medicinal parts， in order to provide reference for the cultivation of high-quality P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. MethodThe pot culture experiment at room temperature and the single-factor completely random design were employed for exploring the effects of five PGPR on physiological characteristics and inorganic elements of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. ResultThe results showed that the exogenous inoculation of different PGPR promoted the growth and development of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis to varying degrees， delayed the senescence of leaves， and improved the medicinal value of new and old rhizomes. Compared with the non-inoculated control， the exogenous inoculation of compound microbial fertilizer （FH） and microbial agent Sanju Guanjin liquid （SJ） enhanced the root vigor， increased the content of photosynthetic pigments and the activities of anti-oxidant enzymes ［superoxide dismutase （SOD）， catalase （CAT）， and peroxidase （POD）］， and reduced the content of malondialdehyde （MDA） in leaves. Their inhibition rates against MDA were 10.46%-39.62% and 20.99%-53.12%， respectively. With the growth of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis， the inhibition rate against MDA gradually increased， which effectively delayed the senescence of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis leaves. In addition， the exogenous inoculation of different PGPR promoted the accumulation of nutrient elements in new and old rhizomes， lowered the heavy metal content to varying degrees， and improved the medicinal value of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis rhizomes. ConclusionFH and SJ have exhibited the best promoting effect on the growth of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis seedlings and also the best regulatory effect on the medicinal value of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis rhizomes， which has provided reference for the application and promotion of PGPR in the growth of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis.
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Objective: To provide a basis for the rational use of Sophora japonica resources through comprehensive evaluation of different tissues and organs. Methods: The contents of rutin, narcissin, quercetin, isorhamnetin and heavy metals in the samples were detected by HPLC and ICP-OES. The Fe3+ reducing ability, DPPH free radical (DPPH•), ABTS free radical (ABTS•+) scavenging ability and total antioxidant capacity (FRAP) were detected by colorimetry. Then, cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA) were conducted by software of SPSS 20.0. Results: The total contents of four flavonoids in different tissues and organs of S. japonica were arranged as follows: flower buds > flowers > flower axis > leaves > branches. The order of antioxidant capacities was as follows: flower buds > flowers > flower axis > leaves > branches, which were positively correlated with the total contents of four flavonoids. The contents of five heavy metal elements in flowers and flower buds were within the limitation of the Green standards of medicinal plants and preparations for foreign trade and economy, while the Cd element in some leaves, flower axis and branches was beyond the standard. Flowers and flower buds were clustered into one type by CA, while flower axis, leaves and branches were clustered into another category. The two principal components (PC1 and PC2) were extracted from the eight variables by PCA, PC1 showed significant differences among different tissues and organs, and PC2 values showed large differences among batches. Conclusion: The flowers and flower buds of S. japonica showed an excellent qualities, including safe doses of heavy metals, rich flavonoids and outstanding antioxidant activities. In addition, the flower axis and leaves also contained high flavonoids and exhibited strong antioxidant activities, which had the value of further development and utilization.
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Objective: A method was established to determine the content of seven heavy metals in Montmorillonite Powder (MP). Methods The metabolic process of the body was simulated by oscillating water bath, the sample was treated under the condition of pH 1.2 hydrochloric acid for 6 h, the seven heavy metals Pb, Cd, Hg, Co, V, Ni, and As in MP were determined by ICP-MS, and the content of Pb, Cd, Hg, Co, V, Ni, As in three batches of homemade preparations, three batches of original development agent and three batches of raw materials were determined by this method to evaluate their safety. Results The content of seven heavy metals Pb, Cd, Hg, Co, V, Ni, and As in MP had good linear relationship in the ranges of 0-30, 0-1, 0-6, 0-10, 0-20, 0-40, and 0-4 ng/mL, respectively; The RSD of precision results were 4.91%, 5.39%, 10.00%, 4.78%, 5.93%, 4.67%, and 6.91%, respectively; The RSD of stability results were 5.64%, 5.12%, 10.94%, 3.68%, 4.97%, 4.31%, and 7.06%, respectively; The RSD of repetitive results were 4.22%, 4.53%, 11.22%, 4.45%, 6.23%, 4.36%, and 5.64%, respectively; The average recoveries were 102.0%, 100.8%, 100.5%, 100.8%, 101.8%, 103.7%, and 107.6%, and the RSD were 2.06%, 2.02%, 2.23%, 1.37%, 2.34%, 1.6% and 7.38%, respectively; The detection limits were 0.002-0.084 ng/mL, and the quantitative limits were 0.006-0.252 ng/mL. The average content of seven kinds of heavy metal elements in three batches of homemade preparations, three batches of original development agent and three batches of raw materials were 3.225, 2.877, 3.265; 0.062, 0.071, 0.070 ng/g; not detected, not detected, not detected; 0.192, 0.093, 0.213 ng/g; 0.329, 0.578, 0.584 ng/g; 0.363, 0.124, 0.296 ng/g; 0.247, 0.312, 0.273 ng/g. The content of Pb and As were in accordance with the standard limit of montmorillonite in the European Pharmacopoeia, and the content of the remaining five elements were in accordance with the PDE (maximum number was allowed for each element in a drug with a maximum daily dose of 10 g) value in ICH Q3D, and it was concluded that seven kinds of heavy metal elements in the preparation were derived from the raw drug montmorillonite. Conclusion This method is accurate and reliable, which can be applied to the quantitative examination of seven heavy metals in MP, and provides an effective technical means for the quality control of MP.
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Objective To establish a method for the determination of eight heavy metal elements (Pb,Cd,As,Hg,Co,V,Se,and Mo) in iron dextran by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES).Methods Through detection wavelength selection,optimization of instrument parameters and applying interference element correction (IEC) method to correction of spectral interference,the eight heavy metal elements were analyzed by ICP-OES.Results The elements recoveries were from 88.7％ to 101.3％ by correction of spectral interference with IEC method.The accuracy of the method was good.The linearities of the detected elements were good,and the correlation coefficients were all greater than 0.999.The detection limits were from 0.12 to 7.26 ng/rnL.The quantization limits were from 0.40 to 23.96 ng/mL.The precision of the method was good (RSD＜3.5％,n=6).Conclusion The results of the spectral interference correction by IEC method are greatly superior to the results of conventional method.The established method is accurate,sensitive,and rapid,which can be applied to the determination of contents of eight heavy metal elements in iron dextran.
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Objective:To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of 8 heavy metal elements Pb, Cd, As, Hg, Co, V, Se and Mo in iron dextran by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry ( ICP-OES) . Methods:Through the detec-tion wavelength selection,the detection wavelength was confirmed as follows:220. 353 nm for Pb, 228. 802 nm for Cd, 188. 980 nm for As, 194. 164 nm for Hg, 228. 615 nm for Co, 311. 070 nm for V, 196. 026 nm for Se and 204. 598 nm for Mo. Through optimizing the instrument parameters, the optimal radio frequency power was 1. 3 kW, the nebulizer gas flow rate was 0. 7 L·min-1, and the pump speed was 10 r·min-1. By applying the above detection parameters, the 8 heavy metal elements were analyzed by ICP-OES simultaneously. Results: The linearity of the detected elements was good, and the correlation coefficients were all greater than 0. 9990. The detection limits were from 0. 12 to 7. 26 ng·ml-1 , the quantitation limits were from 0. 40 to 23. 96 ng·ml-1 and the recoveries were from 94. 1% to 103. 4% (RSD<3%, n=9). Conclusion: The method is specific, sensitive, rapid and accurate, which can be applied in the simultaneous determination of 8 heavy metal elements in iron dextran.
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Objective:To establish a quantitative determination method for Pb , As, Cu, Cd and Hg in Fufang Danshen tablets by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ( ICP-MS) with microwave digestion .Methods: The samples were digested by micro-wave and calibrated by the internal standard elements ( In, Ge and Bi ) , and with spinach as the controlled reference standard , the contents of Pb, As, Cu, Cd and Hg were analyzed.Results:The minimum detection limit of Pb, As, Cu, Cd and Hg was 6.5,2.3, 5.9,4.7 and 0.91 ng· g-1, respectively, a good linear relationship was obtained respectively within the concentration range (r>0.998 0) with the average recovery of 102.8%,105.1%,104.5%,106.8%and 92.4%and RSD of 2.1%,2.8%,1.9%,2.2%and 3.4%(n=9), respectively.Conclusion:The method is accurate and fast with little interference , and suitable for the determination of heavy metal elements in Fufang Danshen tablets .
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Objective:To establish a method for the determination of residual 5 heavy metal elements in single use and gravity feed infusion sets and intravenous infusion needles, including Cd, Cr, Cu, Sn and Pb. Methods:After the pre-preparation,the sample was dissolved in 1% nitrate. The 5 heavy metal elements in the sample solution were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spec-trometry (ICP-MS). Results:Under the ICP-MS assay conditions, each element showed good linearity within the range of 0-50 ng· ml-1(r>0. 999 0). The average recoveries were within the range of 92%-116% and 1. 6%-2. 9%, respectively (RSD<3,n=9). Conclusion:The operation is simple and can meet the demand for the analysis of heavy metal elements in single use and gravity feed infusion sets and intravenous infusion needles.
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OBJECTIVE:To determine the contents of Pb,Cd,Hg,As and Cu in Panax notoginseng,Angelica sinensis,Ligus-ticum chuanxiong,Fallopia multiflora and Rheum palmatum commercially available in Tangshan. METHODS:Microwave diges-tion-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS)and single factor index and Nemerow comprehensive index were used to evaluate the heavy metal pollution in TCM powder samples;and the heavy metal limiting values in Green Trade Standards of Im-porting & Exporting Medical Plants & Prescriptions were used to evaluate the pollution of heavy metal samples. RESULTS:In the samples in 12 batches of 5 TCM powders,there were 2 heavy metal exceeded samples (P. notoginseng-3 and L. chuanxiong-2), the exceeded rate was 16.7%,exceeded indexes were Cd and Hg with the exceeded rates of 16.7% and 8.3%,respectively;heavy metals with Single factor index greater than 1 were Hg and Cd in P. notoginseng-3,and Cd in L. chuanxiong-2 with the composite indexes of 1.06 and 0.81,and pollution levels were slightly polluted and reaching warning level,respectively. CONCLUSIONS:Certain heavy metal pollution is found in TCM powder commercially available in Tangshan. Therefore,it is necessary to carry out more strictly control over the heavy metal content in Chinese herbal medicines.
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Objective:To establish a method for the determination of Cu,As,Cd,Hg and Pb in spirulina health products. Meth-ods:The samples were digested by microwave and determined by ICP-MS. Results: The minimum detection limits of Cu,As,Cd,Hg and Pb was 6. 72,6. 25,3. 12,0. 331 and 8. 78 ng·g-1 , respectively, and showed good linear relationship within respective concentra-tion range (r >0. 999 7) with the average recovery of 110.4%,96.6%,93.1%,102.8%, 101.4% and RSD of 3.2%,4.2%, 2. 5%,2. 9%,3. 0%(n=9), respectively. Conclusion:The method is sensitive, simple and accurate, and can be used to determine the harmful elements in spirulina health products.
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OBJECTIVE:To determine the content of 5 kinds of heavy metal elements in Astragalus membranaceus from Longxi of Gansu province,i.e. Pb,Cd,Cu,As,Hg. METHODS:Wet digestion pretreatment was carried out for samples and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) was used for the determination of heavy metal elements. RESULTS:The contents of 5 kinds of heavy metal elements in A. membranaceus from Longxi of Gansu Province were lower than the limit. CONCLUSION:AAS method can accurately determine the content of heavy metal elements in A. membranaceus.